Family: Combretaceae
Sanskrit Name: ??????
???????? : ???? ?????, ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????; ? ????, ?? ????? (??.??)
Definition: It
eliminates all diseases.
Latin
name: Termnalia chebula Retz.
Gana/Varga:
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Charaka |
Prajasthapana, Jwaraghna, Kushthaghna,
Kasaghna, Arshoghna |
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Sushruta |
Triphala,
Amalakyadi, Parushakadi |
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Bhavaprakash Nighantu |
Haritakyadi varga
(Bha.Ni.Shloka 1-32) |
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Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India |
Part I; Vol
I |
Dravyaguna
Vijnana II P.V.
|
Rasayana page 753-757 |
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Based on Habitat(Distribution) |
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?????? | ?????? ????????????? ???? ? (??.??) |
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Haimavati (Bha. Ni) |
It grows in Himalaya region. |
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Based on Rasa(Taste) |
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??????????? | ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? (??.??) |
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Panchabhadrika |
Fruits contain Five Rasa except Lavana rasa.
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Based on Karma(action) |
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?????? | ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ? (?.??) | |
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Pramatha |
It eliminates impurities. |
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????? | ???? ???????? ??????? ? (??.??) |
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Putana (Bha. Ni) |
It cleanses the body. |
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????? | ??????? ?????????? ????, ????????? ?? ; ??? ????????????????????? ? (??.??) |
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Pathya (Bha. Ni) |
It is good for Srotas. |
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??????? | ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? (?.) |
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Pranada |
It provides strength. |
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??????? | ??????? ?????? ??????, ????????????????? ??????????????? ? (??.??) |
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Jivanti (Bha. Ni) |
It increases health and lifespan. |
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????? |
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Amruta (Bha. Ni) |
It acts as Rasayana, protects from Jara and
vyadhi. |
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???? ? ??? ????????? ???????????, ?????????? ????????????????????? ? (??.??) |
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Abhaya (Bha. Ni) |
It removes fear of diseases. |
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?????? | ???? ????, ??? ?????????????? ? ????, ?????? ???, ????????? ?????????????? ? (??.??) |
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Vayastha (Bha. Ni) |
It maintains youthfulness. |
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??????? | ???? ???????????????????, ???????????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????, ??? ?????????????? ? (??.??) |
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Kayastha (Bha. Ni) |
It promotes activity of body. So maintains youthfulness. |
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????? | ?????? ?????? ???????????, ???????- ????????? ????????????????????? ??? ?(??.??) |
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Chetaki (Bha. Ni) |
It promotes activity of mind. |
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?????? | ????????? ???????? ; ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ? |
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Rohini |
It heals wound, regenerates tissue. |
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????? | ???????? ? (?.) |
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?????? | ????? ???? ???? ?? ; ? ????? ????????????, ????????????? ????????????? ? (??.??) |
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Avyatha (Bha. Ni) |
It removes diseases. |
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????? | ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ; ?????????? ?????????????????? ? (??.??) |
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Vijaya (Bha. Ni) |
It removes diseases. |
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???? | ????????????????? ; ?????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ? (??.??) | |
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Shiva (Bha. Ni) |
It is Kalyanakaraka. |
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??? | ??????????? ? (??.??) | |
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Shreyasi (Bha. Ni) |
It is auspicious. |
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Vernacular names:
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Hindi |
Harada |
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Assami |
Shilikha |
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Kannada |
Analekai |
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Bengali |
Haritaki |
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Marathi |
Hirada |
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Gujarati |
Hirado |
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Gujarati |
Harade |
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Punjabi |
Harar |
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Telagu |
Karakkaya |
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Tamil |
Katukkaya |
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English |
Chebulic
Myrobalan |
Morphology:
Habit: Moderate sized to large deciduous tree with a
cylindrical bole, rounded crown and spreading branches; Leaves: ovate, elliptic or
obovate, glabrous to tawny villous beneath with a pair of large glands at the
top of the petiole; Inflorescence:
terminal simple spikes or short panicles,flowers yellowish white; Fruits: glabrous, shining, ellipsoidal,
obovoid or ovoid drupes, yellow to orange brown in colour, faintly angled; Seeds hard, pale yellow.
Distribution:
Throughout India, in deciduous forests on dry slopes upto 900m especially in
Bengal, Tamilnadu, West coast and Western ghat.
Types:
According
to Bhavamishra there are seven types of Haritaki as follows:
|
Type |
Appearance |
Use |
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1.
Vijaya |
Alabuvrutta
(oval as Alabu) |
Sarva
roga; superior among all Haritaki types. |
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2.
Rohini |
Vrutta
(round) |
Vruna
rohana |
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3.
Putana |
Asthimati
(bigger stone), Sukshma (small) |
Pralepa |
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4.
Amruta |
Mamsala
(fleshy) |
Shodhana |
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5.
Abhaya |
Panchrekha
(with five angled) |
Akshiroga |
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6.
Jivanti |
Swarna
varna (golden coloured) |
Sarvaroga |
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7.
Chetaki |
Trirekha
(three angled) Two
types- 1.
Shweta (whitish): shadangula (6 angulas in length) 2.
Krushna
(blackish): Ekangula (one angula in length) |
Churna This
type of Haritaki causes Bhedana even in animals who cross its its shadow.
And also by holding it in hand. |
Guna-Karma:
|
Guna |
Ruksha, Laghu |
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Rasa |
Kashaya pradhana lavana
varjita pancharasa (Bhavamishra tells that
Majja has Madhura rasa, Snayu
has Amla rasa, Vrunta has
Tikta rasa, Twak has Katu and
Asthi has Tuvara (Katu) rasa). |
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Vipaka |
Madhura |
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Virya |
Ushna |
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Prabhava |
Tridoshahara |
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Karma |
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Doshaghnata |
Tridoshahara |
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Agrya karma |
Pathya |
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Anyakarma |
Rasayana, Medhya,
Chakshushya, Ayushya, Brumhana, Vrushya, Anulomana, Dipana, Prajashthapana,
Jwaraghna, Kushthaghna, Vranashodhana, ; |
Prayoga: Shwasa, Kasa, Hikka, Prameha, Arsha,
Kushtha, Shotha, Udara,
Krimi, Vaiswarya, Grahani, Vibandha, Vishamajwara, Vatavyadhi, Gulma, Adhmana, Vrana, Chardi, Kantha roga, Hrudaya roga, Kamala, Shula, Anaha, Pliha, Yakrut roga, Ashmari, Mutrakruchra, Mutraghata;
Benefits of Haritaki on different
ways of administration: (Bha.
Ni.)
|
Chewing of Haritaki |
Agni deepana (Stimulates digestive power) |
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Haritaki Churna |
Malashodhana (Expels out the Mala) |
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Bhrushta (fried) Haritaki |
Tridoshahara |
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Sanna Haritaki (with food) |
Increases Buddhi, Bala and Indriya bala and destroys
Pitta, Kapha, Vata, excretes Mutra, Shakrut |
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After the food |
Cures Annapana Doshas |
Chemical composition: Tanins,
Flavonol glycosides, tri-terpenoids, and coumarin conjugated compounds
with gallic acid
called as chebulin,
and also phenolic compounds, Gallic acid,
methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, chebulagic acid, tetra-O-galloyl-?-D-glucose, and ellagic acid,
chebulinic acid and penta-O galloyl-?-D-glucose
Prayojya
Anga: Phala (Fruit):
Yellowish-brown, ovoid, wrinkled and ribbed longitudinally, pericarp fibrous,
non-adherent to the seed; taste- astringent
Shreshtha Haritaki : Haritaki fruit which is Nava (fresh), Snigdha,
Ghana,
Sangraha
Kala: Flowers
appear from April to August and fruits ripen from October-January.
Haritaki as
Rasayana
1.
Rutu Haritaki: Haritaki should be taken along with
different anupanas in different Rutus(seasons) to have Rasayana effects as
follows. (Bha. Ni)
|
Rutu |
Anupana |
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Varsha |
Saindhava |
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5Sharat |
Sharkara |
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Hemanta |
Shunthi |
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Shishira |
Pippali |
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Vasanta |
Madhu |
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Grishma |
Guda |
Haritaki in Kantharoga: Haritaki kwatha should be given with Madhu.(A.Hru.U.22)
Haritaki in Kaphaja pandu: Gomutra Haritaki should be given regularly. (Cha.Chi.20)
Haritaki in Dadru: Gomutra Haritaki should be given regularly. (Sho.Ni.)
Haritaki inRaktapitta: Equal quantity of Haritaki churna and Draksha should be given. (Sho.Ni.)
Haritaki in Sthoulya(obesity): Haritaki with
Madhu is advised. ( As.hr.su.14/22)
Matra:
Churna : 3-6 gm.
Vishishta
Yoga: Triphala Churna, Triphaladi Taila, Abhayarishta,
Agastya
Haritaki Rasayana,
Citraka Haritaki, Danti Haritaki, Dashamula Haritaki, Brahma Rasayana.
Contraindications
for Haritaki: Haritaki should not
be given to the person who is exerted due to excessive walk (adhwa), who is
weak, Ruksha, Krusha and emaciated due to Langhana (fasting), in Pittadhikya,
Garbhini and in Vimukta rakta (Raktamokshana). (Bha. Ni.)
Research:
1. Anti-bacterial activity : Terminalia chebula is well effective against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium responsible for gastritis, ulcer and stomach cancers.( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022015080)
2. Anti-oxidant activity: tri-ethyl-chebulate was
a strong antioxidant
and free-radical scavenger, which might
contribute to
the anti-oxidative ability of Terminalia chebula. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022015080)
3. Immune-modulatory activities : In immune-modulation studies, humoral immunity was enhanced where
T-cells counts remained unaffected in the animals, but cell mediated immune
response was stimulated.( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022015080)
Important references:
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