Table
of Contents
Family
Sanskrit
name
Nirukti
Gana/Varga(grouping
in Ayurveda)
Ayurvedic
synonyms
Vernacular
names
Morphology
Distribution
Types
of Haritaki
Pharmacological
properties
Chemical
composition
Shreshtha
Haritaki
Samgraha
kala(Time of administration)
Haritaki as Rasayana: Ritu haritaki
Haritaki
in different diseases
Different ways of Haritaki Prayoga
Dose
Ayurvedic
formulations
Research
updates
Family: Combretaceae
Sanskrit Name: हरीतकी
निरुक्ति : हरति मलान्, तकति हसति व्याधीन् प्रत्यवज्ञया तज्जेत्रित्वाच्चेति; ह हरणे, तक हसने। (भा.नि)
Definition: It
eliminates all diseases.
Latin
name: Termnalia chebula Retz.
Gana/Varga:
|
Charaka |
Prajasthapana, Jwaraghna, Kushthaghna,
Kasaghna, Arshoghna |
|
Sushruta |
Triphala,
Amalakyadi, Parushakadi |
|
Bhavaprakash Nighantu |
Haritakyadi varga
(Bha.Ni.Shloka 1-32) |
|
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India |
Part I; Vol
I |
Dravyaguna
Vijnana II P.V.
|
Rasayana page 753-757 |
|
Based on Habitat(Distribution) |
||
|
हैमवती | हिमवति तदुपत्य्कायां जाता । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Haimavati (Bha. Ni) |
It grows in Himalaya region. |
|
|
Based on Rasa(Taste) |
|
|
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पञ्चभद्रिका | पञ्च भद्रा रसा अस्याः । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Panchabhadrika |
Fruits contain Five Rasa except Lavana rasa.
|
|
|
Based on Karma(action) |
|
|
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प्रमथा | प्रमथ्नाति दोषान् निर्हरति चेति । (म.नि) | |
|
Pramatha |
It eliminates impurities. |
|
|
पूतना | पूतं संशुद्धं करोतीति । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Putana (Bha. Ni) |
It cleanses the body. |
|
|
पथ्या | पथिभ्यः स्रोतोभ्य् हिता, पथोऽनपेता वा ; मनः शरीरानुपघातिनीत्यर्थः । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Pathya (Bha. Ni) |
It is good for Srotas. |
|
|
प्राणदा | प्राणं शक्तिं बलञ्च ददातीति । (अ.) |
|
|
Pranada |
It provides strength. |
|
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जीवन्ती | जीवन्तं पुरूषं यापयति, स्वास्थ्यकरत्वात् आयुष्यकरत्वाच्च । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Jivanti (Bha. Ni) |
It increases health and lifespan. |
|
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अमृता |
|
|
|
Amruta (Bha. Ni) |
It acts as Rasayana, protects from Jara and
vyadhi. |
|
|
अभया न भयं व्याधीनां सेवनादस्याः, रसायनत्वेन व्याधिप्रतिषेधकत्वात् । (भा.नि) |
|
|
|
Abhaya (Bha. Ni) |
It removes fear of diseases. |
|
|
वयस्या | वयसे हिता, वयः स्थापनीत्यर्थः । अथवा, वयस्या सखी, तद्वन्मनः शरीरप्रसादजननी । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Vayastha (Bha. Ni) |
It maintains youthfulness. |
|
|
कायस्था | कायः स्वस्थस्तिष्ठत्यनया, अन्तर्भावितण्यर्थात् कायं तारूण्ये स्थापयतीति, वयः स्थापनीत्यर्थः । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Kayastha (Bha. Ni) |
It promotes activity of body. So maintains youthfulness. |
|
|
चेतकी | चेतयति चित्तं प्रबोधयतीति, यथोक्तं- उन्मीलिनी बुद्धिबलेन्द्रियाणाम् इति ।(भा.नि) |
|
|
Chetaki (Bha. Ni) |
It promotes activity of mind. |
|
|
रोहिणी | क्षतादीन् रोहयतीति ; रसायनत्वेन क्षीणान् धातून् रोहयतीति वा । |
|
|
Rohini |
It heals wound, regenerates tissue. |
|
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अमोघा | अव्यर्था । (अ.) |
|
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अव्यथा | व्यथा शूलं रोगो वा ; न व्यथा सेवेननास्याः, शूलहृत्त्वाद् रोगनाशकत्वच्च । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Avyatha (Bha. Ni) |
It removes diseases. |
|
|
विजया | विशेषेण मूलोच्छेदनतो जयति रोगानिति ; निर्मूलिनी पित्तकफाअनिलानाम् । (भा.नि) |
|
|
Vijaya (Bha. Ni) |
It removes diseases. |
|
|
शिवा | कल्याणकर्तृत्वात् ; हिमवत्प्रदेशे जातत्वेन शिवसाहचर्याच्च । (भा.नि) | |
|
Shiva (Bha. Ni) |
It is Kalyanakaraka. |
|
|
यसी | अतिप्रशस्ता । (भा.नि) | |
|
Shreyasi (Bha. Ni) |
It is auspicious. |
|
Vernacular names:
|
Hindi |
Harada |
|
Assami |
Shilikha |
|
Kannada |
Analekai |
|
Bengali |
Haritaki |
|
Marathi |
Hirada |
|
Gujarati |
Hirado |
|
Gujarati |
Harade |
|
Punjabi |
Harar |
|
Telagu |
Karakkaya |
|
Tamil |
Katukkaya |
|
English |
Chebulic
Myrobalan |
Morphology:
Habit: Moderate sized to large deciduous tree with a
cylindrical bole, rounded crown and spreading branches; Leaves: ovate, elliptic or
obovate, glabrous to tawny villous beneath with a pair of large glands at the
top of the petiole; Inflorescence:
terminal simple spikes or short panicles,flowers yellowish white; Fruits: glabrous, shining, ellipsoidal,
obovoid or ovoid drupes, yellow to orange brown in colour, faintly angled; Seeds hard, pale yellow.
Distribution:
Throughout India, in deciduous forests on dry slopes upto 900m especially in
Bengal, Tamilnadu, West coast and Western ghat.
Types:
According
to Bhavamishra there are seven types of Haritaki as follows:
|
Type |
Appearance |
Use |
|
1.
Vijaya |
Alabuvrutta
(oval as Alabu) |
Sarva
roga; superior among all Haritaki types. |
|
2.
Rohini |
Vrutta
(round) |
Vruna
rohana |
|
3.
Putana |
Asthimati
(bigger stone), Sukshma (small) |
Pralepa |
|
4.
Amruta |
Mamsala
(fleshy) |
Shodhana |
|
5.
Abhaya |
Panchrekha
(with five angled) |
Akshiroga |
|
6.
Jivanti |
Swarna
varna (golden coloured) |
Sarvaroga |
|
7.
Chetaki |
Trirekha
(three angled) Two
types- 1.
Shweta (whitish): shadangula (6 angulas in length) 2.
Krushna
(blackish): Ekangula (one angula in length) |
Churna This
type of Haritaki causes Bhedana even in animals who cross its it’s shadow.
And also by holding it in hand. |
Guna-Karma:
|
Guna |
Ruksha, Laghu |
|
Rasa |
Kashaya pradhana lavana
varjita pancharasa (Bhavamishra tells that
Majja has Madhura rasa, Snayu
has Amla rasa, Vrunta has
Tikta rasa, Twak has Katu and
Asthi has Tuvara (Katu) rasa). |
|
Vipaka |
Madhura |
|
Virya |
Ushna |
|
Prabhava |
Tridoshahara |
|
Karma |
|
|
Doshaghnata |
Tridoshahara |
|
Agrya karma |
Pathya |
|
Anyakarma |
Rasayana, Medhya,
Chakshushya, Ayushya, Brumhana, Vrushya, Anulomana, Dipana, Prajashthapana,
Jwaraghna, Kushthaghna, Vranashodhana, ; |
Prayoga: Shwasa, Kasa, Hikka, Prameha, Arsha,
Kushtha, Shotha, Udara,
Krimi, Vaiswarya, Grahani, Vibandha, Vishamajwara, Vatavyadhi, Gulma, Adhmana, Vrana, Chardi, Kantha roga, Hrudaya roga, Kamala, Shula, Anaha, Pliha, Yakrut roga, Ashmari, Mutrakruchra, Mutraghata;
Benefits of Haritaki on different
ways of administration: (Bha.
Ni.)
|
Chewing of Haritaki |
Agni deepana (Stimulates digestive power) |
|
Haritaki Churna |
Malashodhana (Expels out the Mala) |
|
Bhrushta (fried) Haritaki |
Tridoshahara |
|
Sanna Haritaki (with food) |
Increases Buddhi, Bala and Indriya bala and destroys
Pitta, Kapha, Vata, excretes Mutra, Shakrut |
|
After the food |
Cures Annapana Doshas |
Chemical composition: Tanins,
Flavonol glycosides, tri-terpenoids, and coumarin conjugated compounds
with gallic acid
called as chebulin,
and also phenolic compounds, Gallic acid,
methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, chebulagic acid, tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, and ellagic acid,
chebulinic acid and penta-O galloyl-β-D-glucose
Prayojya
Anga: Phala (Fruit):
Yellowish-brown, ovoid, wrinkled and ribbed longitudinally, pericarp fibrous,
non-adherent to the seed; taste- astringent
Shreshtha Haritaki : Haritaki fruit which is Nava (fresh), Snigdha,
Ghana,
Sangraha
Kala: Flowers
appear from April to August and fruits ripen from October-January.
Haritaki as
Rasayana
1.
Rutu Haritaki: Haritaki should be taken along with
different anupanas in different Rutus(seasons) to have Rasayana effects as
follows. (Bha. Ni)
|
Rutu |
Anupana |
|
Varsha |
Saindhava |
|
5Sharat |
Sharkara |
|
Hemanta |
Shunthi |
|
Shishira |
Pippali |
|
Vasanta |
Madhu |
|
Grishma |
Guda |
Haritaki in Kantharoga: Haritaki kwatha should be given with Madhu.(A.Hru.U.22)
Haritaki in Kaphaja pandu: Gomutra Haritaki should be given regularly. (Cha.Chi.20)
Haritaki in Dadru: Gomutra Haritaki should be given regularly. (Sho.Ni.)
Haritaki inRaktapitta: Equal quantity of Haritaki churna and Draksha should be given. (Sho.Ni.)
Haritaki in Sthoulya(obesity): Haritaki with
Madhu is advised. ( As.hr.su.14/22)
Matra:
Churna : 3-6 gm.
Vishishta
Yoga: Triphala Churna, Triphaladi Taila, Abhayarishta,
Agastya
Haritaki Rasayana,
Citraka Haritaki, Danti Haritaki, Dashamula Haritaki, Brahma Rasayana.
Contraindications
for Haritaki: Haritaki should not
be given to the person who is exerted due to excessive walk (adhwa), who is
weak, Ruksha, Krusha and emaciated due to Langhana (fasting), in Pittadhikya,
Garbhini and in Vimukta rakta (Raktamokshana). (Bha. Ni.)
Research:
1. Anti-bacterial activity : Terminalia chebula is well effective against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium responsible for gastritis, ulcer and stomach cancers.( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022015080)
2. Anti-oxidant activity: tri-ethyl-chebulate was
a strong antioxidant
and free-radical scavenger, which might
contribute to
the anti-oxidative ability of Terminalia chebula. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022015080)
3. Immune-modulatory activities : In immune-modulation studies, humoral immunity was enhanced where
T-cells counts remained unaffected in the animals, but cell mediated immune
response was stimulated.( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022015080)
Important references:
|
भावप्रकाश-पूर्वखण्ड-मिश्रप्रकरण - २. हरीतक्यादिवर्ग |
|
|
हरीतकी उत्पत्ति
|
|
|
भावप्रकाश-पूर्वखण्ड-मिश्रप्रकरण - २.
हरीतक्यादिवर्ग |
|
|
हरीतकीपर्याय
|
हरीतकी सप्तभेद
|
विजया रोहिणी चैव पूतना चामृताऽभया | |
हरीतकीप्रयोग
|
विजया सर्वरोगेषु रोहिणी व्रणरोहिणी | |
हरीतकीगुण, प्रभाव
|
हरीतकी पञ्चरसाऽलवणा तुवरा परम् | |
श्रेष्ठहरीतकीलक्षण
|
नवा स्निग्धा घना वृत्ता गुर्वी क्षिप्ता च याऽम्भसि | |
हरीतकीप्रयोगविधि, ऋत्वनुसार प्रयोगविधि
|
चर्विता वर्धयत्यग्निं पेषिता मलशोधिनी | |
हरीतकीसेवनाऽनार्ह
|
अध्वातिखिन्नो बलवर्जितश्च रूक्षः कृशो लङ्घनकर्शितश्च | |
|
|
धन्वन्तरिनिघण्टु - १.
गुडूच्यादिवर्ग |
|
|
हरीतकी
|
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|
मदनपालनिघण्टु - १.
अभयादिवर्ग |
|
|
हरीतकी
|
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कैयदेवनिघण्टु - १. ओषधिवर्ग |
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हरीतकी
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