Ativisha|dravyasambhasha

Ativisha

Family: Ranunculaceae

Sanskrit name : अतिविषा

Ativisha (Bp. Ni): It is non -poisonous.

Latin name :Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex Royle.

Gana/ Varga (grouping in Ayurveda):

CarakaSamhita	Lekhaniya, Arshoghna, Shirovirechana
SushrutaSamhita	Pippalyadi, Vachadi, Mustadi, Virechana, Shirovirechana
Bhavaprakashnighantu	Haritakyadivarga (shl-186-187)
D.G. II (P.V. Sharma )	Dipana/page-355.
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part I	Vol I, page 22, 23

Synonyms:

Based on Habit
काश्मीरा	कश्मीरेभवा । (प.)
Kashmira	It grows in Kashmir at an altitude between 2,500 –4,000 m.
माद्री	मद्रदेशेभवा । (अ.नि.)
Madri	It grows in Madradesha.
Based on Swaroopa
शुक्लकन्दा	शुक्लवर्णःकन्दोऽस्याः । (भा.नि.)
Shuklakanda	Roots are whitish or grey.
श्रृड्गी	श्रृड्गाकारकन्दत्वात्, अथवा श्रृणातिरोगानिति । (भा.नि.)
Shrungi (Bp. Ni)	The roots are horny in shape.( Ovoid, conical, tapering down wards to a point)
भड्गुरा	भज्यते‌इतिशीलमस्याः । (भा.नि.)
Bhangura (Bp. Ni)	Roots fragile in nature.
घुणवल्लभा	आशुघुणैःसंसृज्यते । (भा.नि.)
Ghunavallabha (Bp. Ni)	Insects quickly attacks it.
अरुणा	अरूणोवर्णोऽस्याः । (भा.नि.)
Aruna (Bp. Ni)	It is white in colour.
Based on Karma
विश्वा	विशतिशरीरमाशु, विशप्रवेशने । (भा.नि.)
Vishwa (Bp. Ni)	It is assimilated quickly.
विषा	वेवेष्टिव्याप्नोतिशरीरं, अथवाविषंहन्ति, विषविप्रयोगे ; विषजातीयत्वाद्वा । (भा.नि.)
Visha (Bp. Ni)	It is assimilated quickly.
Íशिशुभैशज्यम्	बालरोगेषुलाभप्रदा । (शो.नि.)
Shishubhaishajyam	It is very much useful in Balaroga.
अतिसारघ्नी	अतिसारंनाशयति । (ध.नि.)
Atisaraghni	It cures Atisara.
पित्तवल्लभा	पित्तरोगेफलप्रदा । (ध.नि.)
Pittavallabha	It cures Pittajavyadhi.
शोफापहा	शोफनाशिनी । (शो.नि.)
Shophapaha	It cures Shopharoga.
प्रतिविषा	प्रतिपविषस्यप्रतिविषा‌अगदवत् ।
Prativisha (Bp. Ni)	It is antidote for poison.

Vernacular names:

Hindi	Atis
Assami	Aatish
Kannada	Ativisha
Bengali	Ataicha
Marathi	Ativish
Gujarati	Ativisishni Kali
Telagu	Ativasa
Punjabi	Atisa
Tamil	Ativadayam
Malayalam	Ativitayam
English	Atis root

Morphology: Habit: Herb, stem erect, simple or branched; Leaves: more or less heteromorphous, cordate-ovate, coarsely crenate, lower leaves with long petioles, usually 5 lobed to the middle, uppermost leaves amplexicaul; Flowers- in leafy panicle, blue or violet; Fruit- follicles; Seeds- obpyramidal, blackish brown, angles more or less winged.

Distribution: Sub -Alpine and Alpine zones of the Himalayas- Garhwal, Kumaon, Kashmir at an altitude between 2,500 –4,000 m.

Types:

	DhanvantariNighantu&KaidevaNighantu (2 types)	Rajanighantu (3 types)
1.	Ativisha- shuklakanda.	Shukla
2.	Prativisha – shyamakanda (Aconitum palmatum)	Krushna
3.		Aruna

Guna-Karma:

Guna	Laghu, Ruksha
Rasa	Tikta, Katu
Vipaka	Katu
Virya	Ushna
Prabhava	-
Karma
Doshaghnata	Kapha-Pittahara (Charaka- Sarvadoshahara)
Anyakarma	Dipana, Pachana, Sangrahaka, Arshoghna, Krumighna;

Prayoga: Atisara, Ama, Visha, Kasa, Vami, Krumi, Jwara specially VishamaJwara, Medoroga, BalaRoga;

Chemical composition: Diterpenoid

Alkaloids- Atisine, dihydroatisine, hetinised and heteratisine, heterophyllisine, heterophylline and heterophyllidine.

PrayojyaAnga: Mula (Roots) Roots

Ativisha in different diseases:

1. Ativisha in Vishakta(Oral poisoning): The ghee processed with Ativisha and milk is beneficial as drink or nasya(nasal drops). (Su. K. 1/64)

2. Ativisha inBalaja kasa, jwara, chardi(Pediatric cough, fever and vomiting)- Ativisha along with Shrungi, Pippali is to be licked mixed with honey.

or Ativisha alone can be used along with honey. (A. Hr. U. 2/57)

3.Ativisha for Amapachaka -Ativisha, Nagara, Mustakwatha is given. (Cha.Chi. 15/98).

4. Ativisha in Shwasapradhanajwara(fever in asthma) of children - Ativisha with Vacha, Tankana with Madhu is useful. (N.A.I page 16)

5. Ativisha in Atisara of bala and prasutastree (diarrhoea in children and puerperium) - Ativisha with Shrungabhasma is beneficial. (N.A. page I16)

6. Ativisha in Jwaratisara(fever in diarrhoea)-Ativisha 15 gunja with Rasanjana 15 gunja mixed in water is helpful . (Y.T.-DG II / page 63)

7. Ativisha in Atisara in Bala (pediatric diarrhoea) -Equal parts of Ativisha and Dadimapushpachurna cures. (Y.T. DG II / page 63, yunani)

Matra: Churna(powder): 0.6-2 gms;

Vishishta Yoga: Balachaturbhadra, Kutaja Ghanavati

Ahitaprabhava (Adverse effects):

4-6 gms dose causes symptoms like dryness of mouth, tremor etc.

Shodhana (Purification of Ativisha):

Ativisha should be boiled in dolayantra using gomayakwatha(decoction of cowdung) and then dried in sunrays.

Research:

1. Antipyretic activity: Roots of A. heterophyllum in the form of aqueous, chloroform and hexane extracts were examined using the method of yeast induced pyrexia, with aspirin as a standard antipyretic agent for comparison. These studies, by Ikrum, showed that the extracts were nontoxic (up to 1.6 g/kg) and had no signiﬁcant antipyretic activity.

1. Antibacterial activity: The new aconitine type nor-diterpenoid alkaloids 6-dehydroacetylsepaconitine and 13-hydroxylappaconitine, isolated from the tubers of A. heterophyllum along with the known alkaloids lycoctonine, delphatine and lappaconitine,showed antibacterial activity against gram negative (diarrhea causing) bacteria Escherichia coli, Shigella ﬂ exineri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi.

2. Action on the nervous system: Hamet showed that, A. heterophyllum has the ability to make the sympathetic nervous system more sensitive to physiological stimuli. He found that while atisine had a hypotensive effect at every tested dose, the plant extract as a whole showed hypertensive properties. Hypertension produced by high doses of aqueous extract was attributed to the excitement of the sympathetic nervous system.[22,23]Two new diterpenoid alkaloids heterophyllinines A and B, isolated from the roots of A. heterophyllum were about 13 times more selective in inhibiting the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase than acetylcholinesterase. These enzymes are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Important references:

भावप्रकाश-पूर्वखण्ड-मिश्रप्रकरण - २. हरीतक्यादिवर्ग

अतिविषा

विषा त्वतिविषा विश्वा शृङ्गी प्रतिविषाऽरुणा |
शुक्लकन्दा चोपविषा भङ्गुरा घुणवल्लभा ||१८६||
विषा सोष्णा कटुस्तिक्ता पाचनी दीपनी हरेत् |
कफपित्तातिसारामविषकासवमिक्रिमीन् ||१८७||

धन्वन्तरिनिघण्टु - १. गुडूच्यादिवर्ग

अतिविषा

अतिविषा शुक्लकन्दा ज्ञेया विश्वा च भङ्गुरा |
श्यामकन्दा प्रतिविषा शृङ्गी चोपविषा विषा ||१०||
आर्द्रा श्वेता विरूपा च विषदा पित्तवल्लभा |
घुणप्रियाऽतिसारघ्नी बालानां रोगनाशिनी ||११||
कटूष्णाऽतिविषा तिक्ता कफपित्तज्वरापहा |
आमातीसारकासघ्नी विषच्छर्दिविनाशिनी ||१२||

कैयदेवनिघण्टु - १. ओषधिवर्ग

अतिविषा

अतिविषा शुक्लकन्दाऽपरा प्रतिविषा विषा |
लघुप्रिया घुणा माद्री श्यामकन्दा सितारुणा ||१११९||
भङ्गुरोपविषा विश्वा शृङ्गी चोपविषाणिका |
विषा सोष्णा लघुस्तिक्ता दीपनी पाचनी जयेत् ||११२०||
कफपित्तातिसारामविषकासवमिकृमीन् |११२१|

मदनपालनिघण्टु - १. अभयादिवर्ग

अतिविषा

अतिविषा शुक्लकन्दा विषा प्रतिविषाऽपरा |
श्यामकन्दा शिता शृङ्गी भङ्गुरोपविषाणिका |
विषौष्णा पाचना तिक्ता श्लेष्मपित्तातिसारजित् ||२४७||
श्यामकन्दा चोपविषा सा विज्ञेया चतुर्विधा |
रक्ता श्वेता भृशं कृष्णा पीतवर्णा तथैव च ||२४८||
यथापूर्वं च विज्ञेया बल्या श्रेष्ठा गुणोत्तमा |
सर्वदोषहराऽग्र्यत्वाल्लेपाच्छ्वयथुनाशिनी |
श्लेष्मजान् विंशतिं रोगान् सद्यो हन्याद्रसायनी ||२४९||