USHIRA (VIRANA MULA)
Latin name: Vetiveria
zizanioides (Linn.) Nash.
Synonym: Andropogon
muricatus Retz.
Family: Poaceae
Gana/ Varga:
|
Charaka |
Varnya, Stanyashodana, Chardinigrahana, Dahaprashamana, Tiktaskandha |
|
Sushruta |
Sarivadi, Pittasamshamana |
|
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu |
Karpuradi Varga shloka 86-88 |
|
Dravyaguna vijnana II P.V. |
Swedapanayana page 114-116 |
Synonyms:
|
Ushira (Bp. Ni) |
|
|
Jalavasa, Jalaamoda |
Grows near water resouece. |
|
Nalada. Samagandhika (Bp. Ni),
Sugandha mula |
Roots and rhizomes are aromatic |
|
Bahumoola |
Roots are bushy |
|
Amrunala (Bp. Ni), Mrunalaka |
Leaves narrow, linear, erect, sheaths
compressed so appears as Lotus stalk. |
|
Sevya (Bp. Ni) |
It is edible. |
|
Shishiram, Shitamoola |
Roots are shita in nature. |
Vernacular names:
|
Hindi |
Khas |
|
Kannada |
Balada
beru |
|
Bengal |
Khaskhas,
Venaghas |
|
Marathi |
Vala |
|
Gujarat |
Valo |
|
Telagu |
Vetti
veru |
|
Tamil |
Vettiver |
|
Malayalam |
Ramachcham |
|
English |
Cuscus
grass/ Khakhas grass |
Habit: Densely tufted perennial grass, with aromatic roots and rhizomes; Leaves narrow, linear, erect, sheaths compressed, ligules reduced to a scarious rim, midrib slender, lateral nerves close, Inflorescence: spikelets grey, green or purplish in panicle of numerous slender racemes, sessile spikelets linear-lanceolate, glabrous, pedicelled spikelets 2-flowered; Fruits oblong, grains, slightly oblique at the apex.
Distribution: Throughout India, in the plains and
lower hills upto 1,200m.
Types:NA
Guna-Karma:
|
Guna |
Laghu |
|
Rasa |
Tikta, Madhura |
|
Vipaka |
Katu |
|
Virya |
Shita |
|
Prabhava |
- |
|
Karma |
|
|
Agryakarma |
Lepana for Daha, Twagdosha, Swedapanayana |
|
Doshaghnata |
Kapha-Pitta hara Kaphahara: Owing to Tikta rasa and Laghu guna Pittahara: Owing to Tikta, Madhura rasa and Shita
virya |
|
Anyakarma |
Pachana, Stambhana, Varnya, Stanyajanana, Chardinigrahana,
Dahaprashamana, Raktaprasadana, Mutarla |
Prayojya
Anga: Mula and Bija
Chemical composition: Vetiverol, Vetivone , Khusimone, Khusimol, Vetivene, Khositone, Terpenes,
Benzoic acid,Tripene-4-ol, ß-Humulene, Epizizianal, vetivenyl vetivenate, iso
khusimol, Vetiver oils, vetivazulene.
Zizaene, prezizaene, bvetispirene . Among these, the major active
constituents identified are khusimol, vetivone, eudesmol, khusimone, zizaene,
and prezizaene.
Sangraha
Kala:
Amayika prayoga:
Bahya:
Varnya, Daha, Kushta, Atisweda: Lepana of Kalka is advised. Tikta
rasa, Shita virya acts as Dahashamana, Rakta prasadana, Varnya.
Shwasa: Dhumapana with Churna is adwised.
Abhyantara:
1.
Annavaha srotas: Pertaining to Tikta rasa, Shita
virya it acts as Agni dipaka, Amapachaka, Stambhaka Pitta shamaka so indicated in almost Pittaja vyadhi.
Pittaja Chardi: Phanta is given.
Ama, Raktatisara, Aruchi, Agnimanda: Kwatha prepared of Ushira, Dhanyaka,
Musta, Bilwa, Lajjalu, Dhataki, Lodhra and Shunthi is advised.
2.
Pranavaha srotas: Being Kaphahara it is beneficial in
Kasa, Shwasa.
Kasa, Shwasa and Hikka: Churna is beneficial.
3.
Rasavaha srotas: Being Ama pachaka, Pittahara,
Dahashamaka it is beneficial in Pittaja jwara.
Pittaja Jwara
Trishna: Shadanga paniya is given on and off.
4.
Raktavaha srotas: Shita virya acts as Pittahara and
static in Raktapitta.
Daha: Churna should be given with Mishreya.
Raktapitta: Kwatha prepared of Ushira, Mridwika,
Yashtimadhu and Chandana should be given with Madhu and Sharkara.
5.
Manovaha srotas: Tikta rasa and Shita virya acts as
Madahara.
Madatyaya, Unmada and Murccha: Kwatha prepared of Ushira,
Jathamansi, Mrudwika and Parpata should be given.
6.
Mutravaha srotas: Shita virya acts as Dahashamaka and
Mutrala.
Mutrakricchra:
a.
Ushira Hima or Phantha should be given with Sharkara.
b.
Ushira alone is given with Tandulodaka and Sharkara.
Matra: Churna
3-6 gms, Arka/Hima 25-50 ml Phanta 50-100 ml;
Vishishta
Yoga: Ushirasava, Ushiradi kwatha,
Shadangapaniya
Research:
1.Antimicrobial Activity: The essential oil extracted from vetiver root using HD showed a powerful antimicrobial activity gainst Staphylococcus aureus , but also a moderate activity against Bacillus ubtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572508/)
2. Antifungal Activity: The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Vetiveria zizanioides showed significant antifungal potential. (https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2013_4(3)/[81].pdf)
3. Hepatoprotective Activity: Methanolic extract of Vetiveria Zizanioides Linn shows hepatoprotective at the dose 300-500mg/kg p o damage induced by ethanol 20% at the dose of 3.76gm/kg p (https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2013_4(3)/[81].pdf
4. Mosquito Repellent Activity: The nanoemulsions composed of citronella oil, hairy basil oil, and vetiver oil with mean droplet sizes ranging from 150 to 220 nm were prepared and investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Larger emulsion droplets (195-220 nm) shifted toward a smaller size (150-160 nm) after high-pressure homogenization and resulted in higher release rate. It was proposed that thin films obtained from the nanoemulsions with smaller droplet size would have higher integrity, thus increasing the vaporization of essential oils and subsequently prolonging the mosquito repellant activity. In the laboratory oviposition deterrent test, the root extract of Vetiveria Zizanioides at each concnentration greatly reduced the number of eggs deposited by the gravid Anapheles stephens.( https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2013_4(3)/[81].pdf
5.Antidepressant Activity: The ethanolic extract of Vetiveria Zizanioides posses antidepressant activity and the combination of Fluxetine and ethanolic extract of Vetiveria Zizanioides is effective in tail suspension test and force swim test induced depressive behavior.( https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2013_4(3)/[81].pdf
