SARIVA

Sanskrit name : सारिवा

निरुक्ति : सारिः प्रसरणमस्त्यस्याः । (भा.नि.) 

Shariva (Bp. Ni.) : It is a twinner, spreading extensively.

Latin name : Hemidesmus indicus

Family: asclepiadaceae

Gana/Varga:

Charaka	Stanyashodhana, Purishasangrahaniya, Jwarahara, Dahaprashamana, Madhuraskandha
Sushruta	Sarivadi, Vidarigandhadi, Vallipanchamula
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu	Guduchyadi Varga shloka 203-205
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India	Part I Vol I
Dravyaguna Vijnana II P.V.	Raktaprasadana page 798-800

Synonyms:

Based on Swaroopa
अनन्ता		न अन्तोऽस्याः बहुप्रसृतेत्यर्थ। (अ.को.)
Ananta		It is a twinner, spreading extensively.
प्रतानिका		प्रतानोऽस्त्यस्याः । (ध.नि.)
Pratanika		It is a twinner, spreading extensively.
गोपकन्या	गोपानां कन्येव रक्ष्या । (भा.नि.)
Gopakanya (Bp. Ni.)	It is reared like family member.
गोपवधूः	गोपानां वधूरिव सहचारिणी । (भा.नि.)
Gopavadhu (Bp. Ni.)	It is reared like family member.
फणिजिह्विका	सर्पजिह्वासदृशं पत्रमस्याः ।
Phanijihvika	Leaves are lanceolate like serpent’s tongue.
शारदी	शरदि पुष्प्यति । (भा.नि.)
Sharadi	Flowers appear in Sharad ritu.
स्फोटा	स्फोट्यते विदीर्यते फलमस्याः । (भा.नि.)
Sphota (Bp. Ni.)	Fruits are dehiscent.
सुगन्धिमूला	सुगन्धिका   सुगन्धि मूलमस्याः । (अ.नि.)
Sugandhimula	Root is aromatic.
उत्पलसारिवा	उत्पलगन्धा सारिवा । (अ.को.)
Utpalasariva	Roots aroma is similar to lotus.
चन्दनसारिवा	चन्दनगन्धा सारिवा । (अ.म.)
Chandana (Bp. Ni.)	Root  aroma is similar to sandal.
कर्पूरीलतिका	कर्पुरगन्धिमूला लता । (प्रि.नि.)
Karpurilatika	Root  has aroma similar to  Karpura.
Based on Karma
गोपी	गोपायति रक्षतीति, अथवा गाः इन्द्रियाणि पशूंश्च पातीति । (भा.नि.)
Gopa (Bp. Ni.)	It protects from diseases.
गोपवल्ली	गोपानां वल्ली, तेषामनेककार्येषूपयोगिनीत्यर्थः, पशुरोगेषु च प्रयोज्या । (भा.नि.)
Gopavalli (Bp. Ni.)	It is useful in veternery disorders.

 Synonyms of Shweta Sariva:                

Dhavala (Bp. Ni.) : Root is surrounded by a mealy white cortical layer. Shariva (Bp. Ni.), Gopa (Bp. Ni.), Gopakanya (Bp. Ni.)

Krushodari (Bp. Ni.), Sphota (Bp. Ni.), Shyama (Bp. Ni.), Gopavalli (Bp. Ni.), Lata (Bp. Ni.), Asphota (Bp. Ni.), Chandana (Bp. Ni.)

 Synonyms of Krushna Sariva:

Shariva (Bp. Ni.), Shyama (Bp. Ni.), Gopi (Bp. Ni.), Gopavadhu (Bp. Ni.)

 Vernacular names:                     

Hindi	Anatamula
Assami	Vaga sariva
Kannada	Namadaballi
Bengali	Anantmul
Marathi	Upalasar
Gujarati	Upalsari
Telagu	Sugandiphala
Punjabi	Anantmool
Tamil	Saribam
Malayalam	Nannari
English	Indian sarsaparilla, Country sarasaparilla

Morphology:

Habit : Perennial, slender, laticiferous, twinning or prostrate, wiry shrub with woody root stock and numerous slender, terete stems having thickened nodes; Leaves :  simple, opposite, very variable from elliptic-oblong to linear-lanceolate, variegated with white above, silvery white and pubescent beneath; Inflorescence: sub-sessile cymes in the opposite leaf axils,Flowers greenish purple; Fruits slender follicles, cylindrical, 10 cm long, tapering to a point at the apex; seeds flattened, black, ovate-oblong, coma silvery white. 

Distribution: Throughout India from upper Gangetic plains eastwards to Assam, throughout Central, Western and Southern India upto an elevation of 600 m.

Types: Bhavamishra has mentioned two types of Sariva-

1. Krushna and

 2. Shweta.

He has also mentioned that the Krushna sariva has leaves similar to leaves of Jambu, is Sugandhi (fragrant) and famous by name –Kalaghantika.

Two sources of Krushna Sariva exist – 1. Ichnocarpus fruitescens R. Br. from Apocynaceae. 2. Cryptolepis buchanani from Asclepiadaceae. P.V. Sharma mentions second variety as Jambupatra sariva and tells that it should be considered as Krushna sariva.

Guna-Karma of Sariva dwaya:

                       

Guna	Snigdha, Guru
Rasa	Swadu, Tikta
Vipaka	Madhura
Virya	Shita
Prabhava	-
Karma
Doshaghnata	Tridoshahara Vata hara: Pertaining to Snigdha, Guru guna, Madhura rasa Pitta hara: Pertaining to Tikta, Madhura rasa Shita virya Kapha hara: Pertaining to Tikta rasa
Anyakarma	Jwarahara, Raktashodhaka, Shukrakara, Stanyashodhana, Dahaprashamana, Purishasangrahaniya, Garbhasthapana

Prayoga: Agnimandya, Aruchi, Shwasa, Kasa, Ama, Visha, Pradara, Jwara, Atisara, Raktavikara, Vatarakta, Upadamsha, Phiranga, Pittaja prameha, Visarpa, Visphota.

Chemical composition:  

Leaves	2.5% tannins. Rutin, essential oils and phytosterols like hemidesmol, hemidesterol and saponins.
Stem	Two novel pregnane oligoglycosides demicunine and heminine from CHCl3 : EtOH (3:2) soluble extract of dried stems of H. indicus. Desinine, Indicine, Hemidine, Indicusin, Hemidescine, Emidine, Medidesmine, Hemisine and Demicine.
Flowers	The flavanoid glycosides in flowers are hyperoside, isoquercitin and rutin.
Root	Alkaloids, tannins, phenols and saponins ( 26). p-methoxy salicylic acid. Essential oil and triterpenoids, acyclic triterpenic acid; acyclic diterpenic ester and monocyclic sesterterpene ester.

Prayojya Anga: Mula (Root):  Roots occur in pieces, about 30 cm long and 3-8 mm in diameter, cylindrical, thick, hard, somewhat tortuous, sparsely branched, provided with few thick rootlets and secondary roots, external appearance dark brown, sometimes with violet grey tinge, centre yellow,

woody, surrounded by a mealy white cortical layer, bark brownish, corky, marked with transverse cracks and longitudinal fissures and easily detachable from the hard central core, odour- characteristic, taste-sweetish, slightly acrid and aromatic.

Sangraha Kala: NA

Amayika prayoga:

Bahya :

1.     Vrana : Sariva mula should be used for Vrana shodhana. (chakradatta)

Or Sariva patra kwatha should be used. (Su.Chi.18)

2.     Netra roga : Parishechana with Sariva mula kwatha is advised. (Chakradatta)

Abhyantara :

1.     Annavaha srotas:

Arsha : Takra prepared in Sariva mula churna lepita Mrutpatra (mud pot) should be given. (Su. Chi,6)

2.     Mushaka Visha : Sariva mula siddha Ghrita dhould be given. (Su.Ka.6)

3.     Pranavaha srotas:

Shvasa : Sariva mula siddha Ghrita dhould be given. (Su.U.51)

4.     Vatavaha srotas:

Vatavyadhi : Sariva mula and Vasa patra should be given with Dugdha.(Vangasena)

5.     Raktavaha srotas: Being Pittahara, Raktashodhaka and Shita virya it acts as static in all bleeding disorders.

Rakta, Pitta vikara : Sariva mula phantha shoud be given.

Matra: Phanta 50-100 ml; Kalka 5-10 gms;

Vishishta Yoga: Sarivadyasava, Sarivadyavaleha, Ashwagandhadi lehya, Dashamularishta, Jatyadi ghrita, Chondrokola Rosh, Manjishthadi Kashayam.

Research:

1.     Anti-inflammatory Activity :The ethyl acetate root extract of H. indicus showed antiinflammatory activity in the rats. The extract was less active than phenylbutazone but showed sufficient results when compared to diclofenac sodium gel.( https://ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/2599_pdf.pdf)

2.     Anti-cataractous Activity : The methanol root extract of H. indicus was examined for its anticataractous activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodents. It was found that the extracts significantly inhibited aldose reductase activity, lowered blood glucose; delayed progression of cataract decreased osmotic stress and prevented the loss of antioxidants.( https://ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/2599_pdf.pdf)

3.     Diuretic activity : Aqueous and ethanol crude extracts of the H. indicus were evaluated for their diuretic activity in the rats. It was found that the extract significantly increased the urine output in higher doses using acute rat models, without alterations in pH and specific gravity.( https://ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/2599_pdf.pdf)

4.     Antiulcer activity : Austin et al. studied the antiulcer potential of H. indicus. Antiulcer activity was due to mucoprotective action of plant and it significantly inhibited prostaglandins. In comparison with standard drugs like omeprazole, ranitidine, H. indicus showed more mucoprotective activity. (https://ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/2599_pdf.pdf)

Important references: